بررسی و بهینه‌سازی پارامترهای عملیاتی در فرآیند احیاء فوتوکاتالیستی کروم شش‌ظرفیتی با استفاده از روش طراحی فاکتوریل کامل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کاشان، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

3 گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

فرآیند‌ فوتوکاتالیستی یکی از روش‌های تصفیه نوین می‌باشد که می‌تواند در تصفیه‌ فاضلاب‌های حاوی آلاینده‌های اولویت‌دار مانند کروم شش‌ظرفیتی بطور موثر مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. لذا، در این مطالعه اثرات پارامترهای عملیاتی مختلف و شرایط بهینه آنها به منظور احیاء کروم شش‌ظرفیتی در حضور نانوکامپوزیت  ZnO/HZSM-5 با استفاده از روش فاکتوریل کامل بررسی شد. در این تحقیق نانوکامپوزیت ZnO/HZSM-5 با روش هیدروترمال- تلقیح سنتز شد. ساختار نانوکامپوزیت و مرفولوژی آن توسط تکنیک‌های XRDا،UV/vis و FESEM مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به منظور بررسی احیاء فوتوکاتالیستی کروم شش‌ظرفیتی با استفاده از نانوکامپوزیت ZnO/HZSM-5 از تکنیک طراحی آزمایش فاکتوریل کامل استفاده شد. اثرات پارامترهای: زمان واکنش، pH، شدت نور UV و غلظت اولیه کروم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تست XRD بیانگر این بود که ساختار نانوکامپوزیت به‌درستی تشکیل شده و دارای فاز کریستالی می‌باشد، تصاویر FESEM نشان داد که فاز فعال (ZnO) به‌صورت یکنواختی با اندازه نانومتریک در سطح آن پخش شده است. نتایج حاصل از تست فیشر (F-Value) مشخص نمود که غلظت اولیه‌ کروم شش‌ظرفیتی تاثیرگذارترین پارامتر برروی فرآیند می‌باشد. تحت شرایط بهینه (غلظت اولیه کروم mg/L 10، شدت نور W 125، pH برابر 5 و زمان واکنش min 60) راندمان حذف 72/98% با مطلوبیت 985/0 برای کروم شش‌ظرفیتی حاصل شد. در نهایت، آنالیز احتمال نرمال نشان داد که داده‌ها از توزیع نرمالی برخوردار می‌باشند. از این‌رو، روش فاکتوریل کامل می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک روش موثر به منظور بهینه‌سازی شرایط عملیاتی فرآیند‌های فوتوکاتالیستی در حذف کروم شش‌ظرفیتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation and Optimization of Operating Parameters in the Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr (VI)) Using a Full Factorial Design

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Haghighi 1
  • Farhad Rahmani 2
  • Mohammad Bagher Miranzadeh 1
  • Shirin Afshin 3
1 Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran‎
2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran‎
3 Faculty of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

Photocatalytic process is one of the modern treatment methods which can be efficiently used for the treatment of wastewaters containing pollutants with priority such as hexavalent chromium. So in this study, the effects of various operating parameters and optimum conditions for the reduction of Cr (VI) in the presence of ZnO/HZSM-5 nanocomposite were investigated using a full factorial design method. In this study, ZnO/HZSM-5 nanocomposite was sanitized by Hydrothermal/impregnation method. The structure and morphology of  Nanocomposite were studied by XRD, UV/vis, and FESEM techniques. In order to evaluate the photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium using ZnO/HZSM-5 nanocomposite, full factorial technique was used. The effects of reaction time, pH, UV intensity, and initial chromium concentration were studied. The results of XRD showed that the nanocomposite was properly formed and had a crystalline phase. FESEM images showed that active phase (ZnO) was uniformly spread on the surface in nanometric size. The results of Fisher test (F-Value) indicated that the initial concentration of hexavalent chromium plays the most important role in the process. Under optimal conditions (initial concentration of chromium = 10 mg/L, UV light intensity = 125 W, pH = 5, and reaction time = 60 minutes), the removal efficiency was 98.72% with a desirability of 0.985 for hexavalent chromium. Finally, the normal probability analysis indicated that the data had a normal distribution. According to the result, it was indicated that the initial concentration of chromium was the most effective parameter in the process. Hence, the full factorial method can be used as an effective method for optimizing the conditions of the photocatalytic process in removing hexavalent chromium.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Full Factorial
  • ZnO/HZSM-5
  • Hexavalent Chromium
  • Photocatalytic Process
  • Experimental Design
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