نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 بخش مهندسی نفت، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی نفت و گاز، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
2 بخش مهندسی نفت، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی نفت و گاز، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز ، ایران
3 بخش مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی نفت و گاز، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
4 بخش مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی نقت و گاز، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The acidizing process increases the productivity of oil and gas wells, but its improper design can inevitably cause the formation of acid-induced sludge as a serious formation damage. In this research, the effect of main parameters such as crude oil-acid mixing speed (as a representative of acid injection rate), acid-crude oil mixture ratio (as a representative of acid injection volume), temperature, and crude oil characteristics (colloidal instability index and asphaltene content) were examined on sludge formation. Standard compatibility test of RP-42 with some modifications was utilized for this purpose. Three crude oil samples were chosen according to their distinct properties in terms of viscosity, asphaltene content, and colloidal instability index, to discern sludge formation dependency on the type of crude oil. These samples were named as A, B, and C, in descending order of their viscosity, asphaltene content, and colloidal instability index. Several experiments were also conducted using synthetic oil to investigate the impact of viscosity. The synthetic oil was prepared by diluting the crude oil with toluene and heptane, keeping the colloidal instability index intact, instead of dissolving asphaltene in a mixture of toluene and heptane. The results showed the noticeable effect of mixing speed, where changes from 500 to 1500 rpm led to higher amount of sludge in three crude oils of A, B, and C by 2.1, 1.58, and 1.49 times, respectively. This propensity can be attributed to higher interface area of acid and crude oil droplets under higher shear conditions. Furthermore, changing the acid mixture ratio from 0.2 to 0.8 in crude oil samples of A, B, and C, caused intense sludge formation by 1.27, 2.37, and 3 times, respectively. Changes in temperature from 30 to 85 ℃ produced similar behavior for sludge formation by increasing 2.7, 1.57, and 1.84 times, respectively. The crude oil samples also showed different tendencies for sludge formation. Sample A formed 6.1 and 37.7 times more sludge than B and C oils, respectively. The composition of sample A with a higher colloidal instability index and asphaltene content led to formation of more sludge. Comparing the results of crude oil B with its synthetic oil showed 1.68-fold less sludge due to the lower viscosity of its synthetic oil.
کلیدواژهها [English]