بررسی تاثیر فرآیند آلکالین، سورفکتانت، پلیمر (ASP) بر بازیافت نفت در مخازن ناهمگن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم وتحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی شیمی ونفت، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

3 انستیتو نفت، دانشکده مهندسی نفت، دانشگاه تهران، ایران

چکیده

مخازن ناهمگن (مانند مخازن کربناته) با پیچیدگی در نقشه تراوایی، یا وجود شکاف‌های طبیعی و عمدتاً نوع ترشوندگی نفت‌دوست دارای ضرایب بازیافت نفت پایین هستند. یکی از روش‌های ازدیاد برداشت نفت برای ارتقای درجه بازیافت چنین مخازنی استفاده از فرآیندهای سیلاب‌زنی شیمیایی از نوع ASP است. در این فرآیند، ترکیب آلکالین و سورفکتانت باعث می‌شود نفتی که به‌واسطه فشار مویینگی به دام افتاده آزاد گردد و هم‌زمان پلیمر اثر منفی بالا بودن تراوایی سنگ مخزن در برخی نواحی را کاهش می‌دهد و نسبت تحرک‌پذیری را بهبود می‌دهد. تمرکز اصلی این تحقیق بر تأثیر ناهمگنی در خواص مخزنی مانند تراوایی سنگ مخزن بر عملکرد فرآیند ASP است. در این پژوهش، با ساخت تعداد 23 مدل مخزنی به بررسی وجود ناهمگنی با فرض یک لایه کانال با تراوایی بالا به‌صورت صفحه افقی در راستای x، در راستای y و در راستای z و صفحاتی در عرض جریان و همچنین در طول جریان و اجرای شبیه‌سازی‌ جریان برای آنها به مقایسه تأثیر آنها پرداخته می‌شود. به‌طور خاص، سیلاب‌زنی آب، پلیمر، AS+P و P+AS+P برای همه‌ی مدل‌ها اجرا  و میزان ضریب بازیافت نفت در مقابل حجم سیال تزریقی محاسبه گردید. همچنین برای بررسی نقش عوامل مختلف، جبهه‌های تزریق در هر سناریو، ضریب مقاومت سیال در مقابل جریان، میزان دبی تولیدی سیال بر جرم مواد تزریقی، غلظت‌های متفاوت تزریق مواد مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج شبیه‌سازی برای یک دوره‌ تولیدی تقریباً ده ساله نشان داد میزان ضریب بازیافت نفت برای فرآیند P+AS+P حدود 20% نسبت به سیلاب‌زنی آب افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین، مشاهده گردید برای هر مورد شبیه‌سازی اندازه بهینه لخته مربوطه سیستم مانند لخته آب یا پلیمر به‌تنهایی یا لخته AS در سیلاب‌زنی (P+AS+P) و پلیمر در سیلاب‌زنی (P+W+P) قابل بررسی و تعیین است. برای مدل‌های ناهمگن با کانال تراوا، ضریب شکلی کانال (نسبت پهنا به ارتفاع کانال تراوا) و جهت قرارگیری کانال تراوا در مدل برای ارزیابی میزان افزایش ضرایب بازیافت نفت دو حالت AS+P , P+AS+P در مقایسه با سیلاب‌زنی آب مؤثر دیده شد و در واقع، اختلاف بین دو حالت AS+P و P+AS+P را بیشتر بروز می‌دهد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Effect of Alkaline -Surfactant- Polymer (ASP) on Oil Recovery in Heterogeneous Reservoirs

نویسندگان [English]

  • sedigheh khosravi 1
  • Mohsen Masihi 2
  • Ali Nakhaee 3
1 Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Iran
3 Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Tehran University, Iran
چکیده [English]

ASP flooding aims to remove oil trapped due to capillary forces and improve mobility ratios. In this study, the effects of reservoir heterogeneities (i.e. high permeable channels) on waterflooding, polymer, AS + polymer, polymer + AS + polymer flooding have been studied. In particular, the role of the front, resistance factor,  the rate of injected fluids per volume of injected fluid and concentrations of injected fluids have been investigated. The simulation results showed that the P+AS+P gives higher recovery (20%) compared to the water flooding. Also, it was observed that the optimum slug size of each system such as water or polymer slugs or AS in P+AS+P flood and polymer in P+W+P flood can be determined. For heterogeneous models with permeable channels, channel aspect ratio and the direction of channels are observed to be the effective factors for oil recovery.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alkaline -Surfactant- Polymer
  • Heterogeneous Reservoirs
  • EOR
[1]. Donaldson E C, Chilingarian G V, Yen T F (1985) Enhanced oil recovery, Developments in Petroleum Science, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 17B, 1st Edition. ##
[2]. Lake L W (1989) Enhance oil recovery, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 550. ##
[3]. Tiab D, Donaldson E C (1996) Petrophysics: theory and practice of measuring reservoir rock and fluid transport properties, Houston, Tex.: Gulf Pub,706. ##
[4]- مالمیر پ، هاشمی ع، سلطانی سولگانی ب (1398) بررسی آزمایشگاهی تزریق پلیمر بر ازدیاد برداشت از مخازن نفت سنگین و تعیین غلظت بهینه تزریق، پژوهش نفت، 29، 98-3: 120-130. ##
[5]. Taber J J, Martin F D, Seright R S (1997a) EOR screening criteria revisited - part 1: introduction to screening criteria and enhanced recovery field projects, SPE Reservoir Engineering, 12, 03: 189 - 198. ##
[6]. Taber J J, Martin F D, Seright R S (1997b) EOR Screening Criteria Revisited—Part 2: Applications and Impact of Oil Prices, SPE Reservoir Engineering, 12, 03: 199 - 206. ##
[7]. Bang V (2013) A new screening model for gas and water based EOR processes, presented at the SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, SPE-165217. ##
[8]. Kang P S, Lim J S, Huh C (2014) Screening criteria for application of EOR processes in offshore fields, presented at the Twenty-fourth International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, Busan, Korea, ISOPE-I-14-159. ##
[9]. Kamari A, Nikookar M, Sahranavard L, Mohammadi A H (2014) Efficient screening of enhanced oil recovery methods and predictive economic analysis, Neural Computing and Applications, 25, 3: 815-824. ##
[10] اسدالهی م، نعمانی م، خراط ر (1393) ازدیاد برداشت نفت انتشارات نهر دانش، 652. ##
[11]. Alvarado V, Manrique E (2010) Enhanced oil recovery: an update review, Energies, 3, 1529-1575. ##
[12]. Speight J G (2013) Heavy oil production processes, Gulf Professional Publishing, 1st Edition. ##
[13]. Sheng J J (2014) A comprehensive review of alkaline–surfactant–polymer (ASP) flooding, Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 9, 4: 471-489. ##
[14]. Zhang Y, Huang S, Dong M (2005) Determining the most profitable asp flood strategy for enhanced oil recovery, Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,44, 02: 42-49. ##
[15]. Sheng J J (2013) A comprehensive review of alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding, In SPE western regional and AAPG pacific section meeting 2013 joint technical conference, One Petro. ##
[16]. Pei H, Zhang G, Ge J, Tang M, Zheng Y (2012) Comparative effectiveness of alkaline flooding and alkaline–surfactant flooding for improved heavy-oil recovery, Energy Fuels, 26, 5:2911–9. ##
[17]. Youyi Z, Zhang Y, Jialing N, Weidong L I U, Qingfeng H O U (2012) The research progress in the alkali-free surfactant-polymer combination flooding technique, Petroleum Exploration and Development, 39, 3: 371-376. ##
[18]. Argillier J F, Henaut I, Noik C, Viera R, Roca Leon F, Aanesen B (2014) Influence of chemical EOR on topside produced water management, presented at the SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, SPE-169067. ##
[19]. Hirasaki G J, Zhang D L (2003) Surface chemistry of oil recovery from fractured, oil-wet, carbonate formations, SPE Journal, SPE-88365, 9, 2: 151–62. ##
[20]. French T R (1996) A Method for simplifying field application of asp flooding, presented at the SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Society of Petroleum Engineers: Tulsa, Oklahoma, SPE-35354-MS. ##
[21]. Olsen D K, Hicks M D, Hurd B G, Sinnokrot A A, Sweigart C N (1990) Design of a novel flooding system for an oil-wet Central Texas carbonate reservoir, Presented at the SPE/DOE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symposium, Oklahoma. SPE 20224. ##
[22]. Dehghan A A, Masihi M, Ayatollahi S (2013) Evaluation of chemicals interaction with heavy crude oil through water/oil emulsion and interfacial tension study, Energy Fuels, 27, 10: 5852–60. ##
[23]. Dehghan A A, Jadaly A, Ayatollahi S, Masihi M (2017) Acidic heavy oil recovery using a new formulated surfactant accompanying alkali–polymer in high salinity brine, Journal of Surfact Deterg, 20: 725–733. ##
[24]. Liu Q, Dong M, Ma S, Tu Y (2007) Surfactant enhanced alkaline flooding for Western Canadian heavy oil recovery, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 293, 1: 63–71. ##
[25]. Han D, Yuan H, Wang H, Dong F (2006) The effect of wettability on oil recovery by Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer flooding, presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, San Antonio, Texas, USA. ##
[26]. Anderson G A, Delshad M, Brown King C L, Mohammadi H, Pope G A (2006) Optimization of chemical flooding in a mixed-wet dolomite reservoir, presented at the SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, April, SPE-100082-MS. ##
[27]. Panthangkool A (2012) Evaluation of polymer flooding in multi-layered heterogeneous reservoir: the study of viscosity and injection rate of polymer solution, Thesis of the Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering., Chulalongkorn University. ##
[28]. Wang J, Han M, Fuseni A B, Cao D (2015) Surfactant adsorption in surfactant-polymer flooding for carbonate reservoirs, presented at the SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Manama, Bahrain, March, SPE-172700. ##
[29]. Tabary R, Fornari A, Bazin B, Bourbiaux B J, Dalmazzone C S (2009) Improved oil recovery with chemicals in fractured carbonate formations, Presented at the in SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry, The Woodlands, Texas. ##
[30]. Srisuriyachai F (2008) Evaluation of alkali flooding combined with intermittent flow in carbonate reservoir, Thesis of the Department of Chemical, Mining and Environmental Engineering (DICMA), Faculty of Engineering, University of Bologna. ##
[31]. Morrow N R (1990) Wettability and its effect on oil recovery, Journal of petroleum technology, 42, 12: 1476−1484. ##
[32]. Cuiec L E (1990) Evaluation of reservoir wettability and its effect on oil recovery, In Interfacial Phenomena in Oil Recovery, Morrow, Interfacial Phenomena in Petroleum Recovery, 319−375. ##
[33]. Li J J, Jiang H Q, Hou J R, Wang S L (2014) The effects of oil displacement efficiency and conformance efficiency on viscosity of asp flooding in a heterogeneous reservoir, Petroleum Science and Technology, 32, 7: 830-839. ##
[34]. Teklu T W, Alameri W, Akinboyewa J, Kazemi H, Graves R M, AlSumaiti A M (2013) Numerical modeling of polymer-augmented waterflooding in heterogeneous reservoirs, In SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference. OnePetro. ##
[35]. Olajire A A (2014), Review of ASP EOR (alkaline surfactant polymer enhanced oil recovery) technology in the petroleum industry: Prospects and challenges, Energy, 77: 963-982. ##
[36]. Shutang G, Qiang G (2010) Recent progress and evaluation of ASP flooding for EOR in daqing oil field, presented at the SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia: Muscat, Oman.
[37]. Sharma H, Panthi K, Mohanty K K (2018) Surfactant-less alkali-cosolvent-polymer floods for an acidic crude oil, Fuel, 1, 215: 484-491. ##
[38]. Pratap M and Gauma M S (2004) Field implementation of alkaline–surfactant–polymer (ASP) flooding: a maiden effort in India, presented at the SPE Asia Pacific oil and gas conference and exhibition, Australia, SPE, 88455. ##
[39]. Li H, Xu D, Jiang J, Du X, Hong J, Jiang Y, Xu Y (2008) Performance analysis of ASP commercial flooding in Central Xing2 area of Daqing Oilfield. InSPE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery 2008 Apr 20. OnePetro. ##
[40]. Li H, Liao G, Han P, Yang Z, Wu X, Chen G, Xu D, Jin P (2003) Alkline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) commercial flooding test in central Xing2 area of Daqing oilfield, InSPE International Improved Oil Recovery Conference in Asia Pacific Oct 20, OnePetro. ##
[41]. Pitts M J, Dowling P, Wyatt K, Surkalo H, Adams K C (2006) Alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood of the Tanner Field, InSPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, OnePetro. ##
[42]. Chang H L, Zhang Z Q, Wang Q M, Xu Z S, Guo Z D, Sun H Q, Cao X L, Qiao Q (2006) Advances in polymer flooding and alkaline/surfactant/polymer processes as developed and applied in the People’s Republic of China, Journal of petroleum technology, 58, 02:84-89. ##
[43]. Zhijian Q (1998) A Successful ASP flooding Pilot in Gudong, SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, Oklahoma. ##
[44]. Guo H, Li Y Q, Ma R C, Wang F Y, Shihu Z (2017) Evaluation of Three Large Scale ASP Flooding Field Test, 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. ##
[45]. Sheng J J (2011) Modern chemical enhanced oil recovery: theory and practice, Gulf Professional Publishing, 601. ##