بررسی تاثیر پارامترهای عملیاتی مختلف بر عملکرد دبی‌سنج فراصوت همبستگی متقابل به‌کمک شبیه‌سازی CFD

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، نفت و گاز دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، نفت و گاز دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران/ پژوهشکده اندازه‌گیری جریان سیالات دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در میان فن‌آوری‌های اندازه‌گیری جریان، دبی‌سنج فراصوت همبستگی متقابل (Cross-Correlation)، به‌دلیل داشتن دقت بالا، استقلال عملکرد از سرعت صوت و نداشتن افت فشار، بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. در واحد‌های صنعتی، به‌دلیل محدودیت فضا و جانمایی خاص تجهیزات، دبی‌سنج، همواره در موقعیت ایده‌آل قرار نمی‌گیرد. در این شرایط، ضریب کالیبراسیون نقش مهمی را در افزایش دقت اندازه‌گیری جریان ایفا می‌کند. ضریب کالیبراسیون، تابعی از عدد رینولدز جریان، طول لوله مستقیم در بالادست دبی‌سنج و زبری سطح لوله است. در این پژوهش، به‌کمک شبیه‌سازی CFD و با استفاده از مدل تلاطم تنش رینولدز (RSM)، جریان هوا درون لوله در بازه عدد رینولدز 104×16/3 تا 105×16/3 شبیه‌سازی گردید و سپس به‌کمک مدل تحلیلی دبی‌سنج فراصوت همبستگی متقابل، اثر هر یک از پارامترهای عدد رینولدز جریان، طول لوله مستقیم در بالادست دبی‌سنج و زبری سطح لوله، بر عملکرد دبی‌سنج مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج شبیه‌سازی نشان داد که میزان انحنا در پروفایل سرعت، نقش اساسی در تحلیل و بررسی میزان تغییرات ضریب کالیبراسیون دارد. با افزایش عدد رینولدز جریان، میزان انحنای پروفایل سرعت در مقطع لوله کاهش یافته و در مقابل ضریب کالیبراسیون افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین، نتایج نشان داد که با حرکت سیال درون لوله (قبل از پیمایش طول توسعه‌یافتگی)، میزان انحنای پروفایل سرعت، ابتدا زیاد و سپس کم می‌شود. در مقابل، ضریب کالیبراسیون نیز ابتدا کاهش و سپس افزایش می‌یابد. همچنین، این نتیجه نیز حاصل شد که با تغییر جنس لوله از کربن استیل به چدن و افزایش زبری سطح لوله، پروفایل سرعت انحنای بیشتری گرفته و در مقابل، ضریب کالیبراسیون کاهش می‌یابد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on the Effect of Different Operational Parameters on Ultrasonic Cross-Correlation Flowmeter Performance Using CFD Simulation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Amin Alaeddin 1
  • Seyed Hasan Hashemabadi 2
1 School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran\ Flow Measurement Research Center, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Among the flow measurement technologies, the ultrasonic cross-correlation flowmeter (UCCF) has received much attention due to its high accuracy, performance independency from sound speed and no pressure drop. In industrial plants, due to space constraints and equipment special arrangement, the flowmeter is not always located at the ideal position. Under these conditions, the calibration factor plays an important role in increasing the accuracy of the flow measurement. The calibration factor is the function of the flow Reynolds number, the straight pipe length at the upstream of the flowmeter and the roughness of the pipe. In present study, with the aid of CFD simulation and using Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), the air flow inside the pipe was simulated in range of Reynolds number from 3.16×104 to 3.16×105. Then, with the aid of UCCF analytical model, the effect of the mentioned parameters including flow Reynolds number, the straight pipe length at the upstream of the flowmeter and the roughness of the pipe, on the performance of the UCCF were investigated. The simulation results show that the changes in shape and curvature of velocity profile inside the pipe has an important role in analyzing and interpretation of the changes in calibration factor. As the flow Reynolds number increases, the velocity profile at the pipe section becomes flatter, so the calibration factor increases. The results also demonstrate that as the flow moves inside the pipe (prior to fully developed length), the curvature of the velocity profile increases firstly and then decreases. In contrast, the calibration factor decreases firstly and then increases. It was also concluded that by changing the pipe material from carbon steel to cast iron and increasing the pipe roughness, the velocity profile becomes more rounded, so the calibration factor decreases.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ultrasonic Cross-Correlation Flowmeter
  • Calibration Factor
  • CFD Simulation
[1]. LaNasa P J, Upp E L (2002) Liquid flow measurement, (2nd ed.), Gulf Professional Publishing. ##
[2]. Mousavi S F, Hashemabadi S H, Jamali J (2020) Calculation of geometric flow profile correction factor for ultrasonic flow meter using semi-3D simulation technique, Ultrasonics 106: 106165. ##
[3]. Lynnworth L C, Liu Y (2006) Ultrasonic flowmeters: Half-century progress report, 1955-2005. Ultrasonics 44. ##
[4]. Zhou H, Ji T, Wang R, Ge X, Tang X, Tang S (2018) Multipath ultrasonic gas flow-meter based on multiple reference waves, Ultrasonics 82: 145–152. ##
[5]. Coulthard J (1973) Ultrasonic cross-correlation flowmeters, Ultrasonics 11: 83–88. ##
[6]. Schneider F, Peters F, Merzkirch W (2003) Quantitative analysis of the cross-correlation ultrasonic flow meter by means of system theory, Measurement Science and Technology, 14: 573–582. ##
[7]. Worch A (1998) A clamp-on ultrasonic cross correlation flow meter for one-phase flow, Measurement Science and Technology, 9: 622–630. ##
[8]. Fernandes C W, Bellar M D, Werneck M M (2010) Cross-correlation-based optical flowmeter, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 59: 840–846. ##
[9]. Beck M S (1981) Correlation in instruments: cross correlation flowmeters, Scientific Instruments, 14: 7. ##
[10]. Lysak P D, Jenkins D M, Capone D E, Brown W L (2008) Analytical model of an ultrasonic cross-correlation flow meter, part 2: Application, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 19: 41–46. ##
[11]. Lysak P D, Jenkins D M, Capone D E, Brown W L (2008) Analytical model of an ultrasonic cross-correlation flow meter, part 1: Stochastic modeling of turbulence, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 19: 1–7. ##
[12]. Gurevich A Y, Goman M G, Gurevich Y G, Lopez A M (2018) Synthetic turbulence modeling for evaluation of ultrasonic cross-correlation flow measurement, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 60: 134–143. ##
[13]. Ton V A (2020) Mathematical model of ultrasonic cross correlation flow meters based on industrial experience, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 75: 101775. ##
[14]. Alaeddin M A, Hashemabadi S H, Mousavi S F (2019) Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Ultrasonic meters for gas-Part 1: Meters for custody transfer and allocation measurement, BS ISO 17089‑1. ##
[15]. American Gas Association (2003) Measurement of Gas by Multipath Ultrasonic Meters. AGA Report, 9. ##
[16]. Versteeg H K, Malalasekera W (2016) Introduction to computational fluid dynamics, (2nd ed.), Pearson. ##
[17]. Pollard A, Martinuzzi R (1989) Comparative study of turbulence models in predicting turbulent pipe flow, II - Reynolds stress and k-epsilon models, AIAA journal, 27: 1714–1721. ##
[18]. Loyseau X F, Verdin P G, Brown L D (2018) Scale-up and turbulence modelling in pipes, Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 162: 1–11. ##
[19]. Díaz D, del O, Hinz D F (2015) Performance of eddy-viscosity turbulence models for predicting swirling pipe-flow: Simulations and laser-Doppler velocimetry, arXiv, Physics, Fluid Dynamics,1507.04648:1-14. ##
[20]. Escue A, Cui J (2010) Comparison of turbulence models in simulating swirling pipe flows, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 34: 2840–2849. ##
[21]. Kalpakli Vester A, Orlu R, Alfredsson P H (2016) Turbulent flows in curved pipes: Recent advances in experiments and simulations, Applied Mechanics Reviews, 68. ##
[22]. Crawford N, Spence S, Simpson A, Cunningham G A (2009) Numerical investigation of the flow structures and losses for turbulent flow in 90° elbow bends, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 223, 27–44. ##
[23]. Hackett D (2012) Daniel Measurement and Control Incorporation, Ultrasonic Meter Station Design Considerations. ##
[24]. Zhao H, Peng L, Stephane S A, Ishikawa H, Shimizu K, Takamoto M (2014) CFD aided investigation of multipath ultrasonic gas flow meter performance under complex flow profile, IEEE Sensors Journal, 14: 897–907. ##
[25]. Cengel Y, Cimbala J (2008) Essentials of fluid mechanics: fundamentals and applications, (4th ed.), McGraw-Hill Education. ##
[26]. Wada S, Tezuka K, Treenuson W, Tsuzuki N, Kikura H (2012) Study on the optimal number of transducers for pipe flow rate measurement downstream of a single elbow using the ultrasonic velocity profile method, Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations. ##
[27]. Zhao H, Peng L, Takahashi T, Hayashi T, Shimizu K, Yamamoto T (2014) ANN based data integration for multi-path ultrasonic flowmeter. IEEE Sensors Journal, 14: 362–370. ##
[28]. Alaeddin, M A, Hashemabadi, S H, Mousavi, S F (2021) Numerical Study on the Effect of Circumferential Position of Ultrasonic Transducers on Ultrasonic Cross-Correlation Flowmeter Performance Under Asymmetric Air Flow Profile, Ultrasonics, 106479. ##
[29]. Bergstrom D J, Kotey N A, Tachie M F (2002) The effects of surface roughness on the mean velocity profile in a turbulent boundary layer, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 124, 3: 664–670. ##