تزریق گازهای اسیدی در سازندهای زمین‌شناسی با هدف ازدیاد برداشت و حفاظت از محیط زیست: مروری بر سازوکارهای آسیب سازند، زمینه‌ها و اصول پژوهش آزمایشگاهی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده مهندسی نفت اهواز، دانشگاه صنعت نفت، ایران

چکیده

با کشف میادین بزرگ گاز ترش در سال‌های اخیر و کاهش قیمت گوگرد، به مشکلات عملیاتی و زیست محیطی روش‌‎های شیمیایی بازیافت گوگرد، عدم جذابیت اقتصادی این روش‌ها نیز افزوده گردیده است. راهکار جایگزین جهت دفع جریان مشکل‌ساز گاز اسیدی حاصل از فرآیندهای شیرین‌سازی گاز ترش، تزریق گاز اسیدی به سازندهای زمین‌شناسی است که نه تنها باعث حفاظت از محیط زیست در مقابل انتشار گازهای سمی و گلخانه‌ای خواهد شد، بلکه فرصت‌های جدیدی در زمینه ازدیاد برداشت مخازن نفت و گاز ارائه خواهد کرد. جذابیت‌های اقتصادی این روش و الزامات زیست محیطی تشدید شده در سال‌های اخیر منجر به اقبال بیش از پیش پژوهشگران به موضوعات مختلف تحقیقاتی در زمینه گازهای اسیدی گردیده است. با توجه به عدم وجود نوشتاری جامع در تاریخچه که بتواند به عنوان راهنمایی جامع و سریع در زمینه مطالعاتی گاز اسیدی در دسترس پژوهشگران علاقه‌مند به این حوزه باشد، در این نوشتار مروری با هدف روشن شدن چالش‌ها و الزامات پیش روی محققین در زمینه انتخاب تکنیک مطالعاتی و تجهیز آزمایشگاهی مناسب در پژوهش‌های گاز اسیدی، سعی داریم پس از پرداختن به برهم‌کنش‌های سنگ و سیال مخزن با گاز اسیدی و مکانیسم‌های محتمل آسیب سازند در پروژه‌های تزریق، به تبیین اهمیت آزمایش‌های سیلاب‌زنی مغزه به منظور شبیه‌سازی انتقال گاز اسیدی در سازندهای زمین‌شناسی و حوزه‌های تحقیقاتی قابل پژوهش با این آزمایش‌ها پرداخته و تجهیزات و تکنیک‌های آزمایشگاهی مطرح به منظور درک و مطالعه جریان چندفازی و پایش سیستم داخلی سنگ و سیال مخزن حین عملیات ازدیاد برداشت و ذخیره‌سازی گاز اسیدی را مورد بررسی، مقایسه و تحلیل قرار دهیم. در پایان ملاحظات خاص ایمنی مربوط به آزمایشگاه‌‌های مطالعاتی گاز اسیدی نیز ارائه خواهد گردید.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Acid Gas Injection into Geological Formations with the Aim of Enhanced Oil Recovery and Environmental Protection: A Review of Formation Damage Mechanisms, Areas and Principles of Experimental Research

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sayed Mohammadreza Mirforughy
  • Shahin Kord
  • Jamshid Moghadasi
Petroleum Engineering Department, Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum, Petroleum University of Technology, Iran
چکیده [English]

With the discovery of sizeable sour gas fields in recent years and the reduction of sulfur prices, the economic unattractiveness has been added to the operational and environmental problems of sulfur recovery methods. The alternative solution to deal with the troublous acid gas flow resulting from sour gas sweetening is the acid gas injection into geological formations. It protects the environment from toxic and greenhouse gases and creates new opportunities for enhanced oil and gas recovery. This method’s economic attractiveness and the ever-increasing strictness of environmental laws have increased research interest in acid gas sequestration and EOR studies in recent years. There was no thorough literature review to be used as a comprehensive and rapid guide by researchers interested in acid gas studies. This review article tries to clarify the challenges and requirements that researchers may face in selecting the appropriate study technique and experimental apparatus design in acid gas studies. After reviewing reservoir rock and fluid interactions with acid gas and possible formation damage mechanisms, the importance of core-flood experiments for simulating the multi-phase flow inside geological formations in acid gas injection projects shall be explained. We will present the research areas explorable with such experiments and evaluate, compare, and analyze the several experimental techniques and prominent experimental apparatuses available in the literature used to understand the multi-phase flow and monitor the internal rock and fluid system during acid gas injection. Finally, specific safety considerations for acid gas study laboratories will be provided.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Acid Gas Injection
  • Acid Gas Sequestration
  • Formation Damage
  • Core Flooding
  • Experimental Procedures
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